中国与“一带一路”沿线中东欧国家物流绩效对比分析

“一带一路”沿线国家间物流合作对“设施联通、贸易畅通”意义重大,如何加强物流合作,需要进行科学决策。世界银行发布的物流绩效指数(LPI)已成为评价各国跨境物流绩效综合水平的工具,利用该工具进行分析研究,可以为跨区域物流合作提供决策参考。中国与“一带一路”沿线中东欧国家的合作是目前最具区域板块价值的合作机制,即“17+1合作”,需要进行系统性的合作机制研究。利用“一带一路”沿线中东欧17国的LPI,通过多维分析,可探索中国加强与中东欧国家之间的跨境物流合作新路径。在验证LPI6个子要素衡量一个国家物流绩效水平合理性的基础上,通过对中东欧17国LPI的平均值、增长率和变异系数进行分析发现,影响中东欧与中国物流绩效的重要因素依次为基础设施水平、物流质量和服务能力、货物追踪性、国际运输能力、海关效率、货物运输时效性。另外,对中东欧17国LPI的6个子要素进行聚类,并对不同群类进行针对性分析。在“一带一路”建设背景下,中国应充分发挥亚洲基础设施投资银行平台和丝绸之路基金的主导优势,提升跨境物流通道设施水平,加快建设“一带一路”自贸区,构建物流大数据信息中心,打造中东欧物流枢纽网络,促进中国与中东欧国家之间的跨境物流、供应链合作。

Comparative Analysis of Cross-border Logistics Performance between China and Central & Eastern European Countries along the Belt and Road

Logistics cooperation among countries along the routes of the Belt and Road is of great significance to“facility connectivity and smooth trade”.How to strengthen logistics cooperation requires scientific decision-making.The Logistics Performance Index(LPI)issued by the World Bank is a tool used to evaluate the comprehensive level of cross-border logistics performance in various countries.Using this tool for analysis and research can provide cross-regional logistics cooperation with decision-making references.The cooperation between China and the Central and Eastern European countries(CEE countries)along the routes of the Belt and Road is currently the cooperation mechanism with the most regional value,that is,“17+1 cooperation”,and a systematic cooperation mechanism study is needed.Based on the LPI of the 17 CEE countries along the routes of the Belt and Road,theauthorsprovides multi-dimensional analysis to provide decision-making references and new paths for exploring China's strengthening of cross-border logistics cooperation with CEE countries.Based on the verification of the rational role of LPI’s six sub-element in measuring a country’s logistic performance level,and analysis of the average LPI,growth rate,and coefficient of variation of the LPI in 17 CEE countries,the authors believe that factors having effects on logistics performance in CEE countries and China include,according to the importance,infrastructure level,logistic quality and service capacity,cargo tracking,international transportation capacity,customs efficiency,and timeliness of cargo transportation.Besides,the six sub-elements of LPI in 17 CEE countries are clustered,and targeted analysis is performed for different groups.In the context of the Belt and Road construction,China should give full play to the role of leading advantages of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank platform and the Silk Road Fund,improve the level of cross-border logistics corridor facilities,accelerate the construction of the Belt and Road free trade zone,and build logistics big data information center to build a logistics hub network in CEE countries to promote cross-border logistics and supply chain cooperation between China and CEE countries.