我国农产品市场价格变动背后的生产成本效应--以粮食为例

以粮食为主要研究对象,探讨我国农产品市场价格变化过程中存在的生产成本效应。在具体方法上,将成本因素划分为生产成本、供应成本和机会成本三类,选取有关变量指标,并选择小麦、稻谷和玉米三类代表性的粮食,以1988年~2017年全国数据为样本进行实证检验。结果发现:我国粮食价格上涨背后的成本效应非常显著,农业生产资料价格、劳动力成本、农产品物流成本、劳动力机会成本等是引起我国粮食价格上涨的重要成本因素;此外,粮食区域供应成本是小麦和玉米价格上涨的一个推手,但是对稻谷价格的推动作用却不显著。

Production cost effect behind the changes of agricultural product market prices in China--A case study of grain

Taking grain as the main research object, this paper discusses the production cost effect in the process of the changes of agricultural product market prices in China. In terms of specific methods, the cost factors are divided into three categories: production cost, supply cost and opportunity cost. The paper selects three representative grains, that is, wheat, rice and corn, as the relevant variable indicators, and uses the national data from1988 to 2017 as samples for empirical test. The results show that the cost effect behind the increase of grain price in China is very significant. The price of agricultural means of production, labor cost, logistics cost of agricultural products and opportunity cost of labor are important cost factors that cause the increase of grain price in China.In addition, the regional supply cost of grain is a driver for the increase of wheat and corn prices, but its driving effect on rice price has not been significant.