贸易争端背景下特朗普政府农业贸易补贴政策研究

美国长期实行农业补贴政策,其中农作物保险、农业风险补贴和价格损失补贴是补贴的主要形式。特朗普政府上台以后,美国同中国等一些国家发生贸易争端,美国农业出口面临关税报复和贸易壁垒的困境。为保持农业稳定发展,特朗普政府在原有农业补贴形式的基础之上新增了农业贸易援助计划,该计划主要包括市场促进项目、食品采购和分配项目、农业贸易促进项目。这些援助计划在稳定农业生产的同时,也扭曲了市场。美国在2019年度的农业补贴可能会超过其对世贸组织承诺的"黄箱"补贴上限,从而导致违反世贸组织规则。如美国长期执行该政策,我国应采取对美施压措施。

A Study on the Trump Administration’s Agricultural Trade Subsidy Policy in the Context of Trade Disputes

The United States has implemented agricultural subsidy policies for a long time, among which crop insurance, agricultural risk coverage and price loss coverage are the main forms of subsidies.Since Trump took office,the United States has stirred up trade disputes, in particular with China. As a consequence, American agricultural exports faced tariff retaliation and trade barriers.To maintain a steady growth of the agriculture sector,the Trump administration initiated trade aid packages, including Market Facilitation Program, Food Purchase and Distribution Program,and Agricultural Trade Promotion.These programs would stabilize agricultural production but distort the market in the meantime. The 2019 American agricultural subsidies may break its WTO amber box cap commitment,and violate WTO rules in consequence.If the United State implements such programs for a long period, China should take necessary counterpressures.