中间产品贸易、技术溢出与发展中国家的工资差距:一个理论框架

中间产品贸易的技术溢出是国际贸易影响熟练劳动力与非熟练劳动力之间工资差距的一个重要机制。本文构建了一个理论框架,从中间产品贸易及其技术溢出效应的角度解释发展中国家相对工资差距不断扩大的现实。发展中国家从技术前沿的发达国家进口资本和技术密集型的中间产品,一方面可以使发展中国家间接地分享国际先进的R&D资本;另一方面给发展中国家带来了技术学习和模仿的机会。由于资本与技能的互补性和技术学习的技能偏向性,中间产品进口使发展中国家增加了对熟练劳动力的相对需求,从而扩大了熟练劳动力与非熟练劳动力之间的工资差距。

Trade in Intermediate Goods, Technology Spillovers, and Wage Gap in Developing Countries: A Theoretic Framework

Technology spillovers of trade in intermediate goods is a potentially important explanation for the increase in the skilled-unskilled wage gap in developing countries.From the perspective of technology spillovers of trade in intermediate goods,the paper conducts a theoretical study on widening wage gap in developing countries through general equilibrium analysis.It is concluded that,trade in intermediates will result in an opportunity for developing countries to share foreign R&D capitals and imitate the tacit knowledge embodied in intermediates.The foreign R&D capitals embodied in intermediates are complementary with skilled labor,and knowledge learning and imitation are biased in favor of skilled labor,so that the foreign R&D spillovers of intermediates import is associated with an increase in skill demand together with a trend of widening in the skilled-unskilled wage gap.