《关贸总协定》第24条的再解读——规则、案例和展望

《关贸总协定》第24条所规定的区域贸易安排是世贸组织框架下最惠国待遇的例外。区域贸易安排一方面有贸易促进的积极作用,另一方面又因其集团间歧视的特征,一旦被滥用,就会侵蚀世贸组织的非歧视原则,背离关贸总协定/世贸组织实现全球贸易自由化和一体化的目标。《关贸总协定》第24条、乌拉圭回合的《谅解》以及土耳其案的专家组、上诉机构的论述都显示了世贸组织对区域贸易安排越来越多的关注,但现有的制度仍有一些不足,文章从对规则的分析入手,从区域贸易安排与世贸组织的关系定位、争端解决机制、区域贸易协定审查委员会的审查等方面对世贸组织框架下区域贸易安排的完善提出若干建议。

Research on Article 24 of GATT-Rules, Cases and Future

Regional trade arrangements(RTAS)is an exception to the most favored nation principle. On one hand, it plays a positive role of trade creation; On the other hand, it may deviate the goal of global trade liberalization and the integration of GATT/WTO once it is misused and thus erodes the non-discrimination principle of WTO. Article 24 of GATT, Understanding on Uruguay round, report of panel and Appellant Body manifest an increasing focus on RTA, but there are still some deficiency in current system. Through rule analysis, this paper gives some advices on the improvement of RTAS under WTO in aspects of the relations between RTAS and WTO, the dispute settlement system and the review of Committee on Regional Trade Agreements.