共享单车预付押金的法律性质及其法律规制

共享单车预付押金收取模式的异变和返还期限的错配与分离，颠覆了“一物一押”的传统押金结构，异变为“一人一押、一物多押”“一辆单车、多份押金”的新型结构，并使共享单车预付押金朝金融化衍变而呈现出类金融色彩。在免押模式尚不足以全面施行的条件下，应采取特殊的规制方法，通过规范押金收取协议，对预付押金进行账户隔离和妥善保管，增强押金收取、存管和退还的信息透明度，合理利用押金孳息建立行业风险基金以及统一监管机构，有效保护共享经济预付押金的财产安全。

The Legal Nature of the Shared Economy Deposit and Its Legal Regulation

As an innovation of the Internet business model, the sharing economy has changed the prepaid deposit collection model and the mismatch of the return period, resulting in the financial deposit of the user deposit and the return of the user deposit when the bicycle enterprise market exits. The“exemption”and“second retreat”modes encouraged by the Ministry of Communications are suspected of being unfounded and over-regulated. The prepaid deposit can be characterized as a money pledge based on the jurisprudence and the interests of all parties, so that the deposit property belongs to the user. And by satisfying the necessity and specificity of establishing the money pledge, the third-party escrow is strengthened to strengthen the shared bicycle company’s account isolation and proper custody of the prepaid deposit, and enhance the transparency of deposit collection, deposit and return information, and make reasonable use of the deposit. Establish an industry risk fund and simplify the unified supervision body to effectively protect the property security of the shared economy prepaid deposit.