客户群体特征对企业创新绩效的影响研究——以中国制造业上市公司供应链为例

通常认为，供应链下游在地理空间上的集聚会促进信息交互和组织学习，强化核心企业的话语权，提升创新绩效。文章认为，在特定条件下，客户地理邻近也可能会拉低企业创新绩效，形成创新“空间锁定”困局。基于2009-2017年中国A股制造业上市公司及其供应链数据，考察客户地理邻近性对企业创新绩效的影响作用，并将客户集中度和客户属地多样性作为情境因素纳入研究框架。研究发现：客户地理邻近性与企业创新绩效呈倒U型关系，在一定阈值范围内客户地理邻近性拉升企业创新绩效，而超过该阈值客户地理邻近性抑制企业创新绩效；客户集中度对客户地理邻近性与企业创新绩效的关系不存在调节效应；客户属地多样性强化了客户地理邻近性与企业创新绩效的倒U型关系。以上结论从供应链视角揭示企业创新规律，对企业创新的内生机制研究形成了有益补充，有助于重新认识企业创新绩效的影响机制。

Effects of Customer-base Characteristics on Firm Innovation Performance:Empirical Evidences from Chinese Listed Manufacturing Companies

It is generally deemed that agglomeration in the downstream of supply chain can promote information interaction and organizational learning, strengthen the control power of core firms, and improve innovation performance. This paper argues that, customer geographic proximity may also lower the firm innovation performance under certain conditions, resulting in the “spatial lock-in” dilemma of innovation. Based on the data of China's A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2009 to 2017, the relationship between customer geographic proximity and firm innovation performance was investigated, and customer concentration and customer location diversity were included in the framework as contingency factors. The findings suggest that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between customer geographic proximity and firm innovation performance. Within a certain threshold, customer geographical proximity performance promotes firm innovation performance, and beyond the threshold, customer geographic proximity inhibits firm innovation performance.There is no significant moderating effect of customer concentration on the relationship between customer geographic proximity and firm innovation performance. Diversity of customer locations strengthens the inverted U-shaped relationship between customer geographic proximity and firm innovation performance. The above conclusions reveal the law of firm innovation from the perspective of supply chain, form a good supplement to the research on the endogenous mechanism of firm innovation, and provide new insight into the influence mechanism of firm innovation performance.