规模经济、城市化和经济聚集

城市化和经济聚集是现代区域经济理论关注的核心问题。然而由于城市化现象所反映的规模收益递增因素与新古典经济的竞争性均衡不相容,因此,城市化问题很难在新古典经济学的框架内得到解释。这样,长期以来标准的经济分析很少关注经济聚集现象和城市的形成。直到20世纪70年代,迪克西特和斯蒂格利茨把垄断竞争问题重新引入到主流经济学后,垄断竞争模型才成为处理规模收益问题的有力工具,新经济地理也由之发展而来;与此同时,新兴古典经济学以超边际分析为工具深入分析了分工对城市形成和产业迁移的影响。

Scale economy, urbanization and economic agglomeration

Urbanization and economic agglomeration play an important role in regional economic theory.However,they were neglected for a long time in standard economic analysis,for the reason that the increasing factor of scale profit in urbanization is inconsistent with the competitive equilibrium of new classical economics.After Dixit and Stiglitz(1977) introduced monopolistic competition into mainstream economics,the model of monopolistic competition,followed by new economic geography,became a useful tool to analyze scale profit.Meanwhile,new classical economists analyze the influence of labor division to the formation of cities and industrial migration from the infra-marginal perspective.