论卖方宣告合同无效的法律问题——兼析《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第64条

在国际货物买卖实践中,当买方违约,卖方解除合同或宣告合同无效的情事时有发生。《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》为解决"自动解除合同"制度下合同解除后合同效力状态的不确定性等问题,设立了"宣告合同无效"的制度。然而,该制度尚不能完全解决合同无效的宣告是否满足合同解除条件的问题,实践中,错误宣告合同无效、非法解除合同现象仍然存在。据此,本文从学理研究和判解研究着手,研习《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》下宣告合同无效制度的价值所在,探讨《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第64条在司法实践中的运用,并阐释卖方宣告合同无效与买方违约补救的关系,从而进一步廓清《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》"宣告合同无效"制度的价值取向和运用规则,以表一管之见。

Legal Issues on the Seller's Declaring the Contract Avoided

In the practice of international sales of goods,it is very common that the seller declares the contract avoided once the buyer breaches the contract.Under the automatic avoidance system,the contract's effect becomes uncertain after the contract is terminated.To resolve this problem,CISG sets up the system of declaring the contract avoided.But it can't totally resolve the problems whether the precondition of terminating a contact is fulfilled by declaring the contract avoided,actually,it often happens that sellers improperly or illegally declare the contract avoided.So,by the method of theoretical research and case studying,this article researches the value of the system of declaring the contract avoided under the CISG,probes into the application of Article 64 in legal practice and also sets forth the relationship between sellers declaring the contract avoided and buyer's remedies for breach of contract.Furthermore,this article elaborates the value orientation of the system of declaring the contract avoided under CISG and its application rules.