补贴概念与效果

补贴是一个相当复杂的议题,其复杂性不仅表现在概念上,也表现在它可能产生的效果上。补贴可能增加也可能降低其受体的利润水平;可能对国际贸易产生扭曲效果,其影响也可能仅限于国内;可能有助于政府实现其意欲达成的目标,也可能背离其初衷;可能增加或降低政府收益,也可能无影响。把补贴宽泛地界定为有可能在短期、中期或长期对其受体的利润水平产生影响的政府作为(或不作为),有助于使决策者把关注重点转向补贴效果,从而有利于其做出应否维持、增加、减少或消除特定补贴的判断。

A Review of the Concept and Effects of Subsidies

The issue of subsidies is rather complicated and its complexity is related not only to the concept but also to the effects of subsidies. A subsidy may increase or decrease the level of profit for its receivers. It can significantly disturb international trade and its effects can be strictly limited within a country where it is provided. The provision of subsidies can be useful or harmful for the government to achieve its intended objectives and its implementation can increase or decrease government revenues, or with no effect at all. By defining a subsidy broadly as a government action (or inaction) that is likely to influence the level of profit for its receivers in the short, middle, or long-term, it is beneficial for the decision makers to focus their attention on the effects of a subsidy program and thus to decide properly whether it should be maintained, increased, decreased, or terminated immediately.