人力资本匹配如何影响企业加成率:理论机制与经验证据

本文在拓展M-O模型的基础上,构建“人力资本-产业结构”匹配程度和匹配质量对企业加成率影响效应的理论框架,并利用中国城市统计数据和微观企业数据进行了经验研究。主要结论如下:城市人力资本发展滞后于产业结构调整,呈现“人力资本-产业结构”低质量耦合锁定趋势;“人力资本-产业结构”系统耦合度与企业加成率之间存在显著的“倒U型”关系,而系统协调度与企业加成率之间存在显著的“U型”关系。中间机制检验结果表明,耦合度产生的加成率效应主要通过“工资渠道”,而协调度会影响企业的“创新行为”。随着城市人力资本匹配质量提高,促进企业人力资本和研发创新协调投入会显著提升企业加成率。进一步分析发现,人力资本匹配与行业技能密集度相协调、与行业技术水平相匹配、与比较优势动态升级相结合、与企业自主升级行为区间互补,能让企业破除人力资本低质量耦合锁定而提高加成率。本文的结论对发挥人力资本质量外溢和技术进步效应推动制造业高质量发展具有重要现实意义。

How Does Human Capital Matching Influence the Markups of Industrial Firms: Theoretical Mechanism and Empirical Evidence

This paper incorporates“human capital-industrial structure”matching degree and matching quality into an extended M-0 model,demonstrating the mechanism of dynamic chanjr of industrial films’markups from the perspective of human capital matching.Based on theoretical analysis,an empirical research was conducted with matched data about Chinese cities and individual firms.The mulls show that;the development of urban human capital lags behind the adjustment of industrial structure,and it is easy to fall into the coupling lock of low quality human capital,which is not conducive to the innovation and upgrading of high-pioductivity firms.There is a significant "inverted U-shaped" relationship between the system coupling degree of "human capital-industrial structure"and firm’s markups,while there is a significant "U-shaped" relationship between the system coordination degree and markups.Intermediate mechanism test results show that the markups efTecl generated by coupling degree is mainly through the“wage channel”,while the coordination of dispatch will significantly affect the“innovation behavior”of firms.Further analysis shows that human capital matching can be coordinated with industry skill intensity.matched with industry technology level,combined with the dynamic uploading of comparative advantage,ami complemented with firms’independent upgrading behavior,so lliat finris can get out of the low-quality coupling lock of "human capital-industrial structure" and increase the markups It is of great practical significance to exert the spillover effect of human capital quality and technological progress to promote the high-quality development of manufacturing industry.