中间品进口会促进企业生产率增长吗——基于中国企业微观数据的分析

本文运用2000-2005年中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库的匹配数据,分析进口中间品的使用对中国企业全要素生产率影响。研究发现:与非进口企业对比,进口企业在反映企业经营状况的各项指标上都强于非进口企业,一直进口的企业在各项指标上最高,东部地区企业和高人均资本行业的企业表现最佳;进口中间品对企业层面全要素生产率有显著促进作用,企业从非进口状态转为进口状态能促进全要素生产率提高7.49个百分点,这种促进作用对低人均资本行业企业和西部企业尤为明显。这一结论的政策含义在于,后金融危机时代,中国须重新调整"出口主导,进口从属"外贸发展思路,实施积极的进口贸易战略,促进企业全要素生产率的提高和技术创新,鼓励中、西部企业和低人均资本行业企业参与到经济全球化,边干边学,促进企业全要素生产率水平更快提高。

Does Imported Intermediates Increase Firm-Level Productivity？ --Evidence from Chinese Firm Level Data

Import is one of the main channels of economic growth.Based on micro data of China between 2000 and 2005,the authors try to analyze the possible relationship between imported intermediates and firm-level total factor productivity.The paper concludes that,compared with non-importers,importers perform better in gross value,added value,employment,and intermediates which are specifications of the firm.Especially,firms who always import intermediates from abroad exhibit the best performance.What’s more,firms which are located in eastern region and belong to the high average capital industry perform the best.The estimation results tell us that import status has positive impact on firm-level total factor productivity,especially for those located in western region and belong to low average capital industry.Trade policy of "promote export by import" should be considered.Firms in western region and those belong to the low average capital industry should be encouraged to participate in the economic globalization actively to promote the rise of TFP.