马克思恩格斯的现代化启动理论及其中国启示

现代化理论是马克思主义的重要组成部分,马克思恩格斯对此进行了相关研究,留下了许多精彩的论述。在这些论述中,马克思恩格斯论述了现代化启动的三种类型——以英国为典型的"内生主导型"现代化,其发生现代化的动因主要来自国家内部;以印度为典型的"外向依附型"现代化,其推动现代化的因素不是来自国家内部而是来自外部压力;以俄国为典型的"阶段跨越型"现代化,其现代化就是"直接过渡",即从原始的土地公有制向高级的共产主义公有制过渡。由此可见,每个国家都应该根据本国的国情和所处的历史方位,选择适合自己的现代化道路。

Marx and Engels’s Modernization Start Theory and Its Enlightenment to China

Modernization theory is an important part of Marxism,Marx and Engels have carried out related research and kept many splendid works.In these discussions,Marx and Engels have discussed three types of modernization start,the modernization of Britain is the typical Internal-oriented one about which the motivation of modernization comes from the country inside;the modernization of India is the typical External-dependency one about which the factors of promoting the modernization do not originate from the country inside but from external pressure;the modernization of Russia is the typical Stage-leap one which is called Direct transition——the ownership of land is transferring from the original public ownership to the senior communist public ownership.This shows that every country should choose the suitable road which is according to their own national conditions and its historical position to realize their modernization.