印度金融扶贫的实践经验及教训——普惠金融视角

金融扶贫对于我国精准扶贫战略的实施具有重要意义。增加金融服务的普惠性是金融扶贫工作的重要一环，因此金融扶贫要从普惠金融视角出发。同为新兴市场大国，印度普惠金融发展对中国具有一定的借鉴意义。本文从印度小额贷款的发展、印度银行业提供普惠金融服务的实践、信息科技的角色三个方面，总结了印度普惠金融发展的实践经验特征。本文认为，由于缺少定制化服务，印度小额贷款并没有很好的满足普惠金融发展需求；印度银行业在提供普惠金融服务过程中，拉大了城乡居民享受银行服务的差距；然而信息技术的应用确实有助于印度普惠金融的发展。在此基础上，本文对中国普惠金融的发展提出了政策建议。

Practical Experience and Lessons in Financial Poverty Alleviation in India

Financial poverty alleviation is of great significance to China's national strategy of precision poverty alleviation. Increasing the inclusiveness of financial services is an important part of financial poverty alleviation work. Therefore, financial poverty alleviation should proceed from the perspective of inclusive finance. The practice of development of Indian financial inclusion has some implications to China, as both being large emerging market economies. This paper summarizes the characters of India’s practice to financial inclusion which includes effect of micro credit, banking roles and info-tech. The paper argues that India’s micro credit product does not satisfy rural areas’ financial need perfectly due to the lack of customization. Besides, the gap between urban and rural areas is widening when commercial banking industry provide inclusive financial services. However, info-tech does promote financial inclusion. Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward policy implications for Chinese government.