“新冠肺炎”疫情对我国外贸和就业的冲击及纾困举措

“新冠肺炎”疫情对我国外贸和就业产生何种冲击?本文认为,此次疫情已给我国外贸和就业以及全球产业链和供应链带来严重不利的冲击,需要保持中国出口增长,以支撑进口和就业增长,平稳产业链。此次疫情下我国的内外部经贸环境更加严峻,与2003年“非典”时有着很大的不同。稳就业是当务之急,而稳外贸、稳外资是稳就业的关键支撑力。此次疫情加剧了我国巨量高校毕业生叠加农村城镇化大量人口的就业压力。纾困举措:(1)稳定出口市场维护全球供应链,发挥市场机制的有效配置作用;(2)遏制住疫情,运用财政和货币政策对企业减税降费、增加市场流动性,降低成本和扩大消费;(3)帮助企业有序复工复产,提升营商环境,通过稳外贸和稳外资提升就业;(4)大力提升贸易投资便利化和公共产品服务来支持企业开拓市场;(5)教育部可根据高校实际招生能级,授权其适度增加研究生招生比重来缓解毕业生集中就业压力。

Impacts of the COVID-19 Epidemic on China’s Trade and Employment and Related Countermeasures

What impact does the COVID-19 epidemic have on China’s foreign trade and employment?Research shows that:The epidemic has brought serious and adverse impacts on China’s export,import and employment as well as the global industrial chain.It is necessary to maintain the growth of China’s export in order to support China’s import and employment growth and stabilize the industrial chain.The economic and trade environment of our country is more severe under this epidemic,which is quite different from that of SARS in 2003.Stable employment is an urgent task,and stable foreign trade and foreign investment are the key supporting forces for stable employment.The epidemic has aggravated the employment pressure of China’s huge number of college graduates overlaid with a large number of rural urbanized population.Following are proposals:(1)To stabilize the export market,maintain the global supply chain,play the role of the market mechanism,and promote foreign trade and employment;(2)To curb the epidemic,actively use fiscal and monetary policies to reduce firms’taxes and fees,increase market liquidity,reduce costs and expand consumption to increase foreign trade and employment;(3)To help enterprises resume work and production,improve the business environment,and increase employment through stabilizing foreign trade and foreign investment;(4)To promote trade and investment facilitation vigorously and public goods and services to support enterprises to expand markets and increase foreign trade and employment;(5)The Ministry of Education may,according to the actual enrollment capacities of colleges and universities,authorize them to moderately increase the proportion of postgraduates to alleviate the pressure on concentrated employment of the graduates.