经营环境的多变与管理理念的转变

从工业时代到信息时代、从体力劳动到智力劳动、从人力资源到经营伙伴、从金融资本到智力资本；从有限市场到全球化、从稳定到变化；从官僚化到民主化、从命令到定向、从孤立到集体活动、从专业化到多样化；从侧重产品和服务到客户取向等经营环境的转型对管理提出了挑战。环境的挑战需要管理理念进行根本转变，包括：一种新的用人哲学，一种新的参与性和民主化的企业文化，激励工具和个人成功的融合，建立在员工需要上的管理政策和实践；与公司目标更紧密的联系，子系统结构对职能化部门的取代，决策权向中层管理者的转移；客户服务取向和价值增加的侧重；企业收缩战略和敏捷化制造；知识管理和智力资本创造的凸现；以及未雨绸缪等。

The Changes of Management Perspective in Acknowledge Economy

The business environment transformation, such as, from the industrial age to the information age, from bureaucracy to democracy, from solitary to collective activity, from restricted markets to globalization, from a focus on products and services to a customer orientation, etc., generates challenges to management. These environmental challenges have created the need for fundamental changes of management perspectives, including, a new philosophy and practice about employees, a close connection with the company's mission, a clear and accelerating tendency toward corporate downsizing, a strong complete change toward customer service and a strong concern for adding value within the organization, a strong concern with knowledge management and generating intellectual capital, and an overriding concern with preparing the organization and its employees for the future,etc..