A measure of long-term orientation: Development and validation |
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Authors: | William O Bearden R Bruce Money Jennifer L Nevins |
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Institution: | (1) University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA;(2) Brigham Young University, Provo, USA;(3) Appalachian State University, Boone, USA |
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Abstract: | Long-term orientation (LTO) is a salient aspect of national culture values and as such influences consumers’ decisionmaking
processes. This article describes the development and validation of measures to assess LTO. Scale development procedures resulted
in a two-factor, eight-item scale that reflects the tradition and planning aspects of LTO. A program of studies involving
more than 2,000 respondents in four countries demonstrated the psychometric properties of the measures, their discriminant
and convergent validities, and the relationship of the measures to other important theoretical concepts (e.g., consumer frugality,
compulsive buying, and ethical values). The measures are applicable for investigating individual differences in LTO both within
and across cultures.
William O. Bearden (bbearden@moore.sc.edu) is the Bank of America Chaired Professor of Marketing in the Moore School of Business at the University
of South Carolina. His articles have been published in journals such as theJournal of Consumer Research, theJournal of Marketing, the Journal of Marketing Research, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, and theJournal of Retailing. His research interests include consumer perceptions of value and prices, the measurement of consumer and marketing constructs,
and the effects of marketplace promotions.
R. Bruce Money (moneyb@byu.edu) is the Donald Staheli Fellow and an associate professor of marketing and international business in the Marriott
School of Management at Brigham Young University. His articles have been published in journals such as theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of International Business Studies, andSloan Management Review. His research interests include the international aspects of national culture’s measurement and effects, business-to-business
marketing, word-of-mouth promotion, services marketing, and negotiation.
Jennifer L. Nevins (nevinsjl@appstate.edu) is an assistant professor of marketing in the Walker College of Business at Appalachian State University.
Her research interests include export marketing, distribution channels, and the influence of cultural values on international
channel relationships. |
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Keywords: | measurement culture long-term orientation |
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