从公共产品需求角度看农村公共产品供给制度的走向

农村公共产品相对于农村私人产品而言，具有效用的不可分割性、消费的非竞争性和受益的非排他性，后者对前者具有依赖性。农村公共产品的现状是供给偏离需求：一是供不应求；二是供非所需。其原因在于自上而下的决策程序和长期的制度外筹资为主的筹资方式。农村税费改革后，农村税费用于提供农村公共产品，一定程度上改革了筹资机制，但并没有改革决策程序。为了满足广大农民的有效需求，必须纠正供需脱节的状况，建立“需求主导型”供给机制，以实现决策程序的自下而上，筹资方式的制度内与制度外的有机结合。

Trends of the Supply Mechanism of the Rural Public Products from the Perspective of Demand for the Public Products

The rural public products, compared with the rural private products, are characterized by utility undividable, consumption uncompetitive and benefit inclusive. The latter depends on the former. The current situation of the rural public products is that supply deviates from demand: first, supply falls short of demand; second, what supplied is not what needed, due to the top-bottom decision procedure and long-term fund-raising beyond the governmental control as the main factor. After the reform of the rural tolls and taxes, the rural tolls and taxes are used to offer the rural public products, which has reformed fund-raising to a certain extent, but has not reformed the decision procedure. In order to meet the peasants' effective demands and correct the disconnect state of supply and demand, the "demand oriental" supply mechanism of the rural public products should be set up to realize the decision procedure from bottom to top and combine the fund-raising in the governmental control with the fund-raising beyond the governmental control.