论市场经济中价格管制的含义、类型及必要性

自由价格机制是市场经济的基础性机制,但并不意味着就不需要政府的干预.价格管制包括政府对价格水平、价格变化、价格结构和价格行为进行的规定或者限制等内容,按照不同的标准,可将价格管制划分为多种类型.在市场经济中,由于垄断、外部经济效应、信息不对称、公共物品、市场投机、群体性的非理性行为的存在,以及实现社会保障的需要和存在政府投资,使得价格管制成为必要.在市场经济中,合理的价格管制是经济效率和社会福利达到最大化的必要条件.

Implications, Types and Necessity of Price Regulation in the Market Economy

The free price mechanism is a basic mechanism of the market economy, but it does not mean that government intervention is no longer required. Price regulation includes stipulations or limitations of the price level, price changes, price structure, and price behaviors, etc. According to different criteria, the price regulation can be divided into different types. Price regulation becomes a necessity in the market economy because of the existence of monopoly, the externalities of economy, asymmetric information, common goods, market speculation and non-rational group behaviors and the requirements for the social guarantee and the government investment. In the market economy, reasonable price regulation is an essential condition of the maximization of the economic efficiency and the social welfare.