税收分成如何影响企业创新——来自我国上市工业企业专利申请量的证据

基于我国1081家上市工业企业的面板数据，采用市级政府企业所得税分成率衡量税收分成。研究发现，税收分成与企业创新间呈显著的“倒U”型关系，即随着税收分成程度的提高，其对政府的“征税激励”将超过“税基保护激励”，导致税收分成对企业创新的影响从促进转为抑制。进一步考察企业所有制和行业性质对这一非线性关系的调节作用，结果显示：国有企业曲线的形态更加陡峭、转折点发生左移、创新整体水平更低；高科技企业的曲线更加陡峭、转折点发生右移、创新整体水平更高。

How Does Income Tax Sharing Affect Enterprise Innovation—Evidence from the Number of Patent Applications of Listed Industrial Enterprises in China

Based on panel data of 1081 listed industrial enterprises in China, this paper used corporate income tax sharing rate on the municipal level to measure the tax sharing and found a significant "inverted U-shape" relationship between tax sharing and enterprise innovation. The result shows that as the degree of tax sharing increases, its "tax collection incentives" for the government will exceed the "tax base protection incentives", which will cause the impact of tax sharing on enterprise innovation to change from promotion to inhibition. Further, this paper examined the regulating effect of corporate ownership and industry nature on this nonlinear relationship. The results show that the shape of the state-owned enterprise curve is steeper, the turning point shifts to the left, and the overall level of innovation is lower. The curve of high-tech enterprises is steeper, the turning point is shifted to the right and the overall level of innovation is higher.