加工贸易、收入转移与城乡收入差距

通过构建加工装配、收入转移与城乡收入差距模型,实证研究了加工贸易及其引起的劳动力流动和收入转移对城乡收入差距的影响。分析表明,加工贸易活动引起了农村剩余劳动力从农业部门流向城市部门,这些外出打工者又将在加工企业的打工报酬汇回农村老家,提高了农村的人均收入。但是,如果以户籍人口来计算人均收入的话,在劳动报酬占比下降和加工贸易增值率上升的情况下,加工贸易活动引起的劳动力流动未能缩小我国的城乡收入差距。随着农民工的代际更替,加工贸易活动将会进一步拉大城乡收入差距。

Processing Trade,Income Transfer and Income Disparity Processing Trade,Income Transfer and Urban-rural Income Gap

We construct a model incorporating processing and assembly, income transfer and income gap, then empirically analyze the impact of processing trade, induced labor mobility and income transfer on income disparity. The results show that processing trade causes a flow of rural surplus labor from the agricultural sector to the urban sector, and these migrant workers in turn transfer their salaries to their home countries, improving per capita income in rural area. However, when we counting per capita income by using household population, labor mobility induced by processing trade can not narrow our income gap between city and country. Assembly and processing may widen income disparity between urban and rural areas with the intergenerational replacement of migrant workers.