出口产品质量与工薪差距——基于中国行业层面数据的研究

使用CEPII中BACI-HS02微观贸易数据库，运用"质量-调整"价格法测算了中国行业层面的出口产品质量。并选取2007~2016年制造业22个细分行业的相关数据，借助OLS法以及差分GMM模型，从理论和实证两方面分析了出口产品质量对工薪差距的影响。理论分析表明，出口产品质量提升对工薪差距的影响具有不确定性。实证研究发现，中国出口产品质量提升将通过技能溢价机制和利润分享机制扩大工薪差距，劳动生产率和外商直接投资对扩大工薪差距也具有显著影响。技术进步和外商直接投资对出口质量对工薪差距的影响具有明显的调节效应，其中技术进步具有正向调节效应，外商直接投资则具有负向调节效应。稳健性检验表明了估计结果的可靠性。为缩小工薪差距，政府应加大对低技能劳动力群体的人力资本投资，同时企业应增加对低技能劳动力的技能培训力度，提高低技能劳动力的技能水平。

Export product quality and wage gap-research based on industry-level data in China

This paper uses the micro-trade database of BACI-HS02 in CEPII, and uses the "quality-adjustment" price method to measure the quality of export products at the Chinese industry level. The relevant data of 22 sub-sectors in manufacturing industry from 2007 to 2016 were selected. With the OLS method and the differential GMM model, the impact of export product quality on wage gap was analyzed from both theoretical and empirical aspects. Theoretical analysis shows that the impact of the quality of export products on the wage gap is uncertain. The empirical study found that the improvement of China's export product quality will expand the wage gap through the skill premium mechanism and profit sharing mechanism. Labor productivity and foreign direct investment also have a significant impact on the expansion of wage gap. Technological progress and foreign direct investment have obvious adjustment effects on the impact of export quality on wage gap. Among them, technological progress has a positive adjustment effect, while foreign direct investment has a negative adjustment effect. The robustness test indicates the reliability of the estimation results. In order to narrow the wage gap, the government should increase investment in human capital for low-skilled labor groups. At the same time, enterprises should increase the skills training for low-skilled labor and improve the skill level of low-skilled labor.