行业进入壁垒与中国文化产业高质量发展:保护还是抑制?

基于2000—2012年中国文化产业相关上市公司的微观数据,利用分位数回归模型研究了行业进入壁垒对文化产业全要素生产率的影响。结果表明:行业进入壁垒对文化产业全要素生产率具有较强的抑制效应,并对生产率分布两端行业的负面影响较大,呈"U"型结构;行业进入壁垒存在国有文化企业保护倾向,其对国有文化企业生产率具有不显著的负面影响,而对非国有文化企业具有显著的负面效应;以文化企业补贴渠道存在的行业进入壁垒,不利于文化产业全要素生产率的提升,而由市场自发形成的市场壁垒能够提升文化产业的全要素生产率。这些研究成果为文化体制改革在全国范围内的进一步实施推广提供了依据,同时也为地区文化产业的转型升级和区域经济平衡提供了政策启示。

Industry Entry Barriers and High-Quality Development of China’s Cultural Industries: Protection or Inhibition

Based on the micro-data of Chinese cultural industry related listed enterprises from the year 2000 to 2012, the quantile regression model is used to study the impact that industry entry barriers have on the total factor productivity(TFP for short) of the cultural industries. The results show that industry entry barriers have a strong inhibitory effect on the TFP of the cultural industries, and the negative impact on the industries with productivity distributing at both ends is relatively large, which shows a “U” shaped structure. The industry entry barriers have a protective tendency of state-owned cultural enterprises. It means that the industry entry barriers have an insignificant negative effect on the TFP of state-owned cultural enterprises, but have a significant negative effect on the TFP of non-state-owned cultural enterprises. Further research shows that the industry entry barriers existing in the subsidy channels of cultural enterprises are not conducive to the improvement of the TFP of the cultural industries, while the market barriers formed spontaneously by the market can improve the TFP of the cultural industries. The findings of this paper not only provide an important basis for the further implementation and promotion of cultural system reform nationwide, but also provide important policy enlightenment for the transformation and upgrading of regional cultural industry and regional economic balance.