周期性失业与宏观财政政策的就业效应

通过对失业进行分解,利用菲利普斯曲线间接地估算自然失业率,研究表明中国实际失业率的变动趋势与自然失业率的变动趋势基本一致,且两者之间具有明显的阶段性。采用格兰杰因果检验和协整回归模型对财政政策变量与就业变量进行的计量分析结果表明:就业增长的确引致了政府投资的增加,但政府投资对就业的影响率并不是很高即政府投资存在逆就业倾向;虽然中国政府投资支出与就业量增长具有相同的变动趋势,但政府支出拉动就业的成本要远高于民间投资拉动就业的成本。因此,必须同时着眼于周期性失业和自然失业此两种不同成因的失业,一方面适时调整财政政策宏观调控的目标,另一方面进一步培育和完善劳动力市场机制以降低经济活动成本,才能够有针对性地制定和实施治理失业的措施。

Employment Elasticity,Cyclical Unemployment and Macroeconomic Fiscal Policies

This paper explains why economic growth has not brought about revealed employment growth. First,through Phillips Curve the author indirecdy estimates NAIRU and discovers that changing trends of real unemployment rate and that of NAIRU retain basically identical,and relations of these two rates have obvious stages. The author also concludes that anti-cycle macroeconomic policies are incapable of solving natural unemployment, which dominates the overall unemployment in China.Second,through quantitative analys...