隧道挖掘还是利益趋同--从资本结构的选择看控股股东的作用

以深圳证券交易所2004年度480家上市公司为研究样本,考察控股股东与资本结构之间的经验关系,进而考察控股股东的作用,究竟是隧道挖掘还是利益趋同。回归结果显示,在控制了公司治理、盈利能力、公司规模、特别处理以及行业的综合影响之后,资产负债率与第一大股东持股比例平方在10%的水平上显著正相关。证据表明,资产负债率与控股股东的持股比例呈U型曲线关系。当第一大股东持股比例<45.9%时,证据支持隧道挖掘效应,控股股东会选择较少的负债,而把资金留在公司方便自己的掏空行为。反之,当第一大股东持股比例>45.9%时,证据支持利益趋同效应,它会选择较多的负债,充分利用负债的财务杠杆和税盾作用,用心经营公司。该U型曲线关系揭示了控股股东存在相机选择资本结构的行为,同时存在隧道挖掘效应和利益趋同效应。

Entrenchment Effect or Alignment Effect: Controlling Stockholders from the Perspective of Selection of Capital Structure

The article tries to verify whether the effects of controlling stockholders are entrenchment or alignment from the perspective of selection of capital structure on the basis of 480 listed companies in Shenzhen stock market in 2004. The regression shows that leverage is positively relevant to the square of shares of controlling stockholders. The evidence implies a U-shape curve relationship between leverage and shares of controlling stockholders. When shares of controlling stockholders are below 45.9%, the evidence shows entrenchment effect, while shares of controlling stockholders are over 45.9%, the evidence shows alignment effect. The U-shape curve shows that both effects exist at the same time.