央行数字货币的监管路径探究

央行在2019年宣布即将发行央行数字货币(CBDC),2020年8月14日商务部印发《全面深化服务贸易创新发展试点总体方案》,方案提到在京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区及中西部具备条件的试点地区开展数字人民币试点。央行数字货币的法偿性使其区别于比特币等私人数字货币,其匿名性、便捷性等特点相比于传统的现金货币存在诸多优势。由于当前监管的法律规制仍滞后于央行数字货币的发展,对央行数字货币在法律、金融监管方面存在缺位。针对上述问题,主要从监管沙盒角度探讨央行数字货币的监管路径,并提出相应的配套制度构建,以实现央行数字货币的合规发展,实现真正的普惠金融。

The Regulatory Path of the Central Bank Digital Currency

The Central Bank of my country announced in 2019 that it will issue central bank digital currency(CBDC).On August 14,2020,the Ministry of Commerce issued the"Overall Plan for Comprehensively Deepening the Innovation and Development of Service Trade".The plan mentioned in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta,The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the pilot regions in the central and western regions where conditions are available to carry out digital RMB trials.The central bank digital currency is a legal currency issued by the central bank directly to the society with electromagnetic symbols formed in electronic equipment.The legal compensation of central bank digital currency distinguishes it from private digital currencies such as Bitcoin,and its anonymity and convenience have many advantages over traditional cash currencies.However,due to the blockchain technology adopted by the central bank's digital currency and its existing characteristics,it has led to regulatory issues such as illegal transactions,personal information leakage,and endangering property safety.As current laws and regulations still lag behind the development of central bank digital currency,there is a lack of it in terms of law and financial supervision.In response to the above issues,the central bank's digital currency regulatory path is mainly discussed from the perspective of the regulatory sandbox,and the corresponding supporting system construction is proposed to achieve the compliant development of the central bank's digital currency and realize true inclusive finance.