个体差异对农户不同绿色生产行为的异质性影响——年龄和风险偏好影响劳动密集型与资本密集型绿色生产行为的比较

农户的绿色生产行为可分为劳动密集型和资本密集型两种，由于要素投入结构及实施的风险程度不同，其影响因素及效应可能存在差异。利用对甘肃省10个县区20个村521户农户的微观调研数据分析表明：相对于资本密集型绿色生产行为，更多的农户实施了劳动密集型绿色生产行为，表明目前农业绿色生产中资本要素相对稀缺；劳动力年龄的增长对农户的劳动密集型绿色生产行为有显著的促进作用，但对资本密集型绿色生产行为有显著的抑制作用；风险偏好对农户的劳动密集型和资本密集型绿色生产行为均有显著的正向影响，且对资本密集型绿色生产行为的影响更大；风险偏好对农户绿色生产行为的影响存在代际差异（对老年农民的影响最大），且两种绿色生产行为的代际差异具有异质性。应进一步增加对农业绿色生产的投资，尤其要鼓励农户的资本密集型绿色生产行为；加强对中青年农民绿色生产的技术、资金支持，培育和拓展老年农民的社会网络，完善农村社会保障体系，提高农户抗风险能力，进而有效促进农业绿色生产的发展和升级。

Heterogeneity Influence of Individual Difference on Different Green Production Behaviors of Farmers: Based on the Comparison of Labor Age and Risk Preference on Green Production Technology of Labor Intensive Type and Capital Intensive Type

The green production behavior of famers can be divided into such two types as labor-intensive and capital intensive green production behavior, because the input structure of factors and implementation risk degree are different, there is possible difference between its influencing factors and its effect. The analysis based on the micro survey data of 521 households in 20 villages in 10 counties and districts of Gansu Province shows that comparing with capital intensive green production behavior, more famers implement labor intensive green production behavior, which indicate that capital factor is relatively rare in current agricultural green production, that the growing of labor age has significantly boosting effect on labor intensive green production behavior of the famers but has obviously inhibitory effect on capital intensive green production behavior, that risk preference has positive impact on both labor intensive type and capital intensive type of green production behavior, and has more impact on capital intensive green production behavior, that there are intergenerational differences of the impact of risk preference on different green production behaviors of farmers (the aged group has the biggest impact), furthermore, the intergeneration differences of the two types of green production behavior have heterogeneity. China should further increase the investment in agricultural green production, especially encourage capital intensive green production behavior of the famers, strengthen the support to technology and funds of green production of middle-aged and young peasants, cultivate and broaden social network of aged farmers, perfect rural social security system, and raise the ability of famers to anti-risk so as to effectively promote the development and upgrading of agricultural green production.