港口集疏运“公转铁”的减排影响分析

推进港口中长距离货物集疏运方式由公路向铁路转移,是交通运输业打赢蓝天保卫战的战略抉择。为提升港口集疏运减排效果,提高综合运输效率,打好污染防治攻坚战,在分析"公转铁"减排原理的基础上,利用"自下而上"方法建立"公转铁"减排效果测算模型,并以义乌至宁波港域出口箱运输为例进行实证研究。结果表明,义乌至宁波港域出口箱运量每转移1TEU可减排CO_2和PM为99.31kg和19.51g,相应减排率为65.00%和82.74%。最后,从增加"公转铁"运量、避免公路短驳运输、降低铁路能耗强度等方面提出增强"公转铁"减排效果的对策。

An Analysis of the Impacts of Shifting Port-hinterland Transport from Road to Rail on Emission Reduction

Pushing the shift of port-hinterland transportation from road to rail(RTR)for mediumand long-distance shipment is a strategic choice for transport industry to win the battle for blue sky.To improve the emission reduction performance for port-hinterland transport,increase the efficiency of integrated transportation and win the tough battle for pollution control,a model for measuring the emission reduction effect of RTR is established by using the bottom-up methodology based on the analysis of the principles of RTR in reducing emission.Then a case study on RTR of exported containers transportation from Yiwu via Ningbo Port Area to overseas.The results show that one TEU(twenty-foot equivalent unit)of RTR can reduce 99.31 kg CO2 by 65.00%and 19.51 g PM by 82.74%.Finally,three kinds of measures,which are increasing the freight volume of RTR,avoiding pre-/post-haulage between ports and rail terminals,and cutting the energy intensity of rail freight transport,are proposed to reinforce the emissions reduction effect of RTR.