快速城市化背景下的土地问题述评

改革开放以后,我国迅速进入到了快速城市化阶段,而快速城市化与快速经济增长互为因果,成为我国转型发展的主要动力。土地制度的改革是三十年来我国经济体制改革的重要组成部分,也是我国城市快速扩张及工业高速发展的重要动力。但是,我国城市化进程中的土地问题也非常突出:一方面,土地生产要素的紧缺已成为我国东部沿海发达地区最大的"门槛",耕地保护因此面临巨大压力;另一方面,土地资产的暴涨也引致了房价暴涨等严重的社会不公问题,"以地生财"的土地财政成为社会关注的焦点。因此,土地制度的改革仍然是我国经济体制改革的重点,而建立统一的城乡土地市场、改革"土地财政"、强化城市增长管理、抑制城市蔓延则是土地制度改革的重点。

Review on the land issues in the context of rapid urbanization

After the implementation of the opening and reforming policy,China has rapidly entered the stage of rapid urbanization.Rapid urbanization and rapid economic growth reinforce each other to promote the prosperity of China’s economy.Land reform is an important component of China’s economic reform in the past three decades and it is an important driving force for urban expansion and industrial high-speed development.However,the land issue in China’s urbanization process is also very prominent.On the one hand the shortage of land has become the largest "threshold" for China’s eastern coastal region,so to protect farmland is facing tremendous pressure.On the other hand,land assets boom also lead to other serious problems of social injustice,such as price surge.Land finance which is characterized by "making money" becomes the focus of attention.Thus,land reform is still the focus of China’s economic reform.And the key to urban land reform is to establish a unified urban and rural land market,to reforem the "land finance",to strengthen the management of urban growth and to inhibit urban spread.