工作记忆训练:研究现状及发展前景

工作记忆能够预测个体在认知加工任务中的表现,工作记忆容量具有相对稳定的特征,但近年来研究表明工作记忆容量可以通过训练得到改进。工作记忆训练直接影响额叶皮层、颅顶部皮层等大脑皮层活动以及中枢系统多巴胺受体浓度。工作记忆训练效应可以对未经过训练的工作记忆任务产生迁移,与工作记忆相关的神经网络亦能通过训练获得发展。工作记忆训练可以帮助个体减小因低工作记忆容量对学业成就、日常生活带来的影响。

Recent Development in the Study of Training on Working Memory

Working memory（WM） capacity predicts performance in a wide range of cognitive tasks. Although WM capacity has been viewed as a constant trait,recent studies suggest that it can be improved by adaptive and extended training. This training is associated with changes in brain activity in frontal and parietal cortex and basal ganglia,as well as changes in dopamine receptor density. Transfer of the training effects to non-trained WM tasks is consistent with the notion of training-induced plasticity in a common neural network for WM. The observed training effects suggest that WM training could be used as a remediating intervention for individuals for whom low WM capacity is a limiting factor for academic performance or in everyday life.