混合柔性充电策略支持下的电动汽车配送路径优化

针对电动汽车在市区配送中应用越来越广泛的现象,提出了混合充电策略支持下带时间窗的电动汽车路径规划问题。在充电站,电动汽车可以选择快速充电方式充满电池或充一部分必须的电量,也可以选择直接更换满电状态的电池,这种柔性的充电策略为电动汽车提供了更灵活的运作方式,降低配送的时间和成本。通过引入充电策略相关的决策变量,在车辆路径问题的基础上,建立了混合充电策略的电动汽车路径优化的非线性混合整数规划模型。设计了一种改进的蚁群算法,通过集成局部搜索算法,提高了问题求解的效率。最后通过三个具有不同客户点分布特征的实例验证了算法的有效性,并分析了混合充电策略的影响。

Optimization of Electric Vehicle Distribution Route Supported by Hybrid Flexible Charging Strategy

In view of the increasing popularity of electric vehicles in urban distribution,we put forth the electric vehicle routing problem with time window supported by a hybrid charging strategy.Under said strategy,when at the charging station,the electric vehicle can choose to quick charge its battery fully or to the extent necessary,or to directly replace it with a fully charged battery.Such flexibility offers a more nimble operation mode for the electric vehicle and can reduce the time and cost of the distribution process.Next,by introducing decision variables relating to the charging strategy and based on the vehicle routing problem,we set up a nonlinear mixed integer programming model of electric vehicle route optimization under the hybrid charging strategy,designed an improved ant colony algorithm,and by integrating the local search algorithm,enhanced its efficiency in solving the problem.Finally,through three empirical examples with different customer point distribution characteristics,we verified the effectiveness of the algorithm and analyzed the influence of the hybrid charging strategy.