Intergroup contact and reduction of explicit and implicit prejudice toward immigrants: a study with Italian businessmen owning small and medium enterprises |
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Authors: | Loris Vezzali Dino Giovannini |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Education and Human Sciences,University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Reggio Emilia,Italy |
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Abstract: | A field study was conducted to test the effectiveness of intergroup contact (Allport, The nature of prejudice, 1954) as a
predictor of explicit and implicit attitudes toward immigrants and to examine the processes driving its effects. Participants
were Italian businessmen owning small and medium enterprises in Northern Italy who had daily contact with their immigrant
workers. We tested a model in which contact ameliorated explicit attitudes, measured as support for social policies toward
immigration, through reduced negative outgroup stereotypes. Furthermore, we predicted that contact would have a direct, unmediated
effect on improved implicit attitudes toward immigrants, assessed with an Implicit Association Test (Greenwald et al., J Personal
Soc Psychol 74:1464–1480, 1998). The results were fully consistent with predictions, thus providing strong support for the
contact hypothesis at both an explicit and at an implicit level. The lack of correlation between explicit and implicit attitudes
supports dual-process models, suggesting that the two types of attitudes are formed through different processes. The theoretical
and practical implications of the findings are discussed. |
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Keywords: | |
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