一心创业,一路坚持:青年创业者创业韧性影响因素的扎根研究

近年来,国家不断部署深入推进"大众创业、万众创新",重点支持高校毕业生等青年群体就业创业。然而,创业是一项高风险活动,我国青年创业平均成功率仅有约2%。创业韧性有助于青年创业者在创业过程中应对各种困难和挑战,从而获取创业成功。尽管如此,"青年创业者的创业韧性如何产生,受哪些因素影响,其形成机理是什么"这一问题还少有考察。本研究以我国青年创业的主力军大学生创业者为研究对象,运用扎根理论方法 ,通过对30个青年创业大学生的深度访谈,构建出"重大事件激活—动机形成—动态能力形成"的理论模型,包括重大事件等13个子范畴以及创业期望的形成等7个主范畴,并运用事件系统理论、自我差异理论、社会转型理论和场理论分析形成此模式的深层次原因。在此基础上探讨促使其增强创业韧性行为的外部干预措施,研究结论对发展创新创业教育的理论和实践都有一定的促进作用。

Start a Business with one Heart and Stick to it all the Way: Research on the Influencing Factors of Entrepreneurial Resilience of Young Entrepreneurs

Government plans to further promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, focusing on supporting the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates and other youth groups. Entrepreneurship is a highrisk activity. The average success rate of youth entrepreneurship in China is very low. Entrepreneurial resilience is an entrepreneurial process full of uncertainty in the face of difficulties and other adverse situations, entrepreneurs can return to the original state or even surpass itself through self-regulation so as to obtain the dynamic ability of sustainable development and growth. Entrepreneurial resilience can help entrepreneurs cope with various difficulties and challenges so as to achieve success of entrepreneurship. How does entrepreneurial resilience come into being? What factors affect it? And what is the formation mechanism? Our research applies grounded theory and conducts in depth interviews with 30 undergraduates who are the main force of young entrepreneurs. We construct a theoretical model of ’important event activation-motivation formation-dynamic capability formation’, including 12 sub categories such as major events and 7 main categories such as the formation of entrepreneurial expectations to explain the influencing factors of entrepreneurial resilience of young entrepreneurs. Next, we apply event system theory, self-discrepancy theory, social transformation theory and field theory to explain the deep reasons. Finally, we discuss the external intervention measures to enhance college entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial resilience. The conclusion of this paper can promote the theory and practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education.