心理学视角的合法性与合法化

合法性对于权威、机构或者制度化组织的成功是至关重要的,因为仅仅依靠对权力的占有和使用而对他人施加影响是十分困难的。在资源匮乏、危机和冲突时期,能够在大多数时间里得到大多数人的自愿服从可以提高组织的有效性。合法性的概念在社会思想和社会心理学领域有着悠久的历史,而最近在关于政治、法律和社会系统的作用机制的研究中,它变得越来越重要。

Psychological Perspectives on Legitimacy and Legitimation

Legitimacy is a psychological property of an authority,institution,or social arrangement that leads those connected to it to believe that it is appropriate,proper,and just.Because of legitimacy,people feel that they ought to defer to decisions and rules,following them voluntarily out of obligation rather than out of fear of punishment or anticipation of reward.Being legitimate is important to the success of authorities,institutions,and institutional arrangements since it is difficult to exert influence over others based solely upon the possession and use of power.Being able to gain voluntary acquiescence from most people,most of the time,due to their sense of obligation increases effectiveness during periods of scarcity,crisis and conflict.The concept of legitimacy has a long history within social thought and social psychology,and it has emerged as increasingly important within recent research on the dynamics of political,legal,and social systems.