职业分层、中产阶级与收入分配

社会职业不仅反映着人们在社会、经济生活中所处的分工角色,它也带来了人们在收入水平和社会经济地位方面的差距和不同,在各种职业背后存在着以生产条件的占有关系为依据的社会生产关系。社会不可能通过消除普通生产劳动行业和职业,让人们都进入"中等收入"职业。因此,要缩小社会收入分配领域的巨大差距,必须改变现有的分配结构,在初次分配领域,即物质生产领域,进行分配制度的改革,增加普通劳动者的收入,使普通劳动者能够通过勤奋劳动达到"中等收入"水平,这才是在社会主义制度下"扩大中等收入者群体"的正确途径。所谓"人力资本"的收益不过是在雇佣劳动制度的生产方式下,部分人能以物质生产乃至资本主义竞争所必需的知识为条件,进入社会生产关系中具有一定社会经济地位的职业,在这种职业上他们利用社会生产关系所赋予的对生产与竞争能力的控制,从社会剩余产品中占有一定份额。因此,"人力资本"所有者的收入并不是所谓"人力资本"的创造,而是由社会生产关系所决定的收入分配形式。

Occupation Stratification,Middle Class and Income Distribution

Social occupation not only reflects people’s role in socio-economic division,but also brings gap and difference in income and social status among them.Social production relation behind various occupations is based on ownership of production condition.The society in general can not make all occupations to have ’middle income’ by eliminating ordinary labour and occupations.Henceforth,to narrow the huge income gap in social income distribution,the present income distribution structure must be reformed.Reform in the first round of distribution,increase the income of ordinary workers,make it possible for them to achieve ’middle income’ by diligence,this is the right path to enlarge the ’middle income’ group in socialist system.The so-called return on human capital is merely because certain people have knowledge necessary for material production or even capitalist competition,they enter social productive relation with occupations that have considerable weight in socio-economic aspects.They obtain a portion of social surplus products by controlling of production and the ability to compete given their privilege in social productive relations.Thus,the income of ’human capital’ owners is not created by ’human capital’,but decided by social productive relation.