赛博格人类学:信息时代的“控制论有机体”隐喻与智识生产

本文试图通过分析赛博格之概念,为中国文化人类学提起一种虽有关联但不同于互联网人类学等应用研究,主要聚焦信息社会人之主体性重构的范式转换的人类学研究。"赛博格"意译为"控制论有机体",最早是针对宇航员太空生存问题而提出的技术概念,后经挪用而成为一个本体论隐喻。在原理上,赛博格模糊人机二分边界并引发人之主体性反思的根源来自于控制论,即将人理解为信息收发处理终端或信息网络节点。在呈现上,赛博格多呈现为人与物组装拼接而形成的开放结点及联通网络。赛博格隐喻射程之功直至关涉智识生产的范式转换,本文提起中国语境的全球赛博格人类学议题,试述当代赛博格人类学范式之人机主体性的本体论思考与知识论、方法论探索,以及自觉于此的信息化时代之新范式民族志研究。

Cyborg Anthropology:The Metaphor of Cybernetic Organism and Intellectual Knowledge Production in the Information Age

Through analysis of the notion of cyborg,this article attempts to produce a new anthropological approach that is related to but different from the pragmatic studies of internet anthropology. The new approach is focused on a paradigm shift involving the reconstruction of human subjectivity in the information society."Cyborg",or"cybernetic organism",was first proposed as a technical concept for astronauts’ problem of survival in the space,but was later appropriated to become an ontological metaphor. In principle,cyborg blurs the line of demarcation between human being and machine and provokes reflections on human subjectivity. It stems from cybernetics which conceives of human beings as the receiving and processing terminals of information or information network nodes. Cyborg presents itself as a set of open links and connected networks brought about by human-material assembly and splicing. The metaphoric effect of cyborg is related to the paradigm shift in intellectual knowledge production. This paper raises the topic of global cyborg anthropology in the Chinese context,and tries to describe the ontological thinking and epistemological exploration of human-machine subjectivity in the paradigm of contemporary cyborg anthropology. Hopefully,a new paradigm is created for ethnographic study in the information age.