高度城镇化地区土地生态系统服务价值及其 镇域空间演变 ——以苏州为例

土地利用方式的快速转变深刻影响着生态系统服务 的能力和质量，高度城镇化地区镇域空间尤为突出。以TM/ ETM数据为基础，借助当量因子法和空间自相关方法，基于 镇域尺度分析1995—2015年5个时段苏州土地生态系统服务 价值格局及其演化规律。结果表明：1)耕地、林地、草地、 湿地大幅减少，水域、未利用地面积显著增加，水域居于主体 控制地位，水域、耕地主导用地发生变化；2)生态系统服务 价值总量减幅仅为1%，水域增加有效缓冲了损耗；3)水源涵 养和废物处理价值约占总价值的80%，单项生态系统服务价 值单一且明显衰退；4)镇域空间整体具有不断加强的集聚特 征，局部低值贫瘠区、退化区的“一核两片”和高值核心区、 保育区的“一环一带”格局基本稳定，中心城区-昆山沿线及 周边具有加剧衰退的迹象，过渡区、退化区范围不断强化。基 于时空演化特征提出了分区、分类的管控对策，以期为生态规 划、国土空间规划提供科学依据和参考。

Land Ecosystem Service Value and Its Evolution of Township Space in Highly Urbanized Areas: A Case Study of Suzhou

The rapid transformation of land use patterns has profoundly affected the service capacity and quality of ecosystem services. The township space in highly urbanized areas is particularly prominent. With TM\ETM data, the equivalent factor method and spatial autocorrelation method, the structure and evolution law of Suzhou land ecosystem service values ( ESV ) in 5 periods from 1995 to 2015 are analyzed based on the township scale. The results show that: 1) Suzhou cultivated land, forestland, grassland and wetland are greatly reduced. The area of water and unused land are significantly increased. The water area is in the main control position. Land use of water and cultivated land control the process of land change. 2) The total ESV of Suzhou continues to decrease, but the total reduction is only about 1% of values in 1995. Furthermore, the trend of reduction is getting smaller. The increase of water area effectively makes up the reduction. 3) The water conservation and waste treatment values account for nearly 80% and gradually increase. Declining trend is obvious. 4) ESV in township space has agglomeration characteristics overall. During the period, it continues to strengthen and fluctuate in 2015. The high-value core areas and low-value poor areas form the pattern of one core and two zones, while low-value poor areas and degraded areas form the pattern of one ring and one belt. The patterns are basically stable. The number of towns with the higher values surrounding the central city and Kunshan area have signs of continuous decline. The scope of transition areas and degradation continues to strengthen. Based on the characteristics of ESV spatial and temporal evolution, the management and control strategies of zoning and classification are proposed to provide scientific basis and reference for ecological planning and land space planning.