城市公园环境对老年人日常交往活动的影响研究

从老年人交往特征出发，总结出个体交往、亲友邻里交往与志同道合交往3种日常交往活动类型；基于老年人交往过程中关注的环境需求，提出活动空间适宜性、活动设施便捷性、活动氛围舒适感、活动景色吸引度和活动场地依恋感5类影响交往活动的城市公园环境特征。以重庆为例，运用结构方程模型(SEM)量化统计方法，分析检验涵盖5类环境特征的19类环境因子对3种交往活动类型中9类活动因子的空间影响程度。结果发现，活动空间适宜性和活动景色吸引度对个体的“静坐沉思”和“观赏景色”影响作用显著，安全感、景观亲近度等因子影响程度高；活动设施便捷性和活动氛围舒适感对亲友邻里的“结伴锻炼”影响作用显著，服务设施分布密集程度、环境卫生整洁程度等因子影响程度高；活动场地依恋感对志同道合的“陌生人交谈”影响作用显著，文化活动丰富度因子影响程度高。

Study on the Influence of Urban Park Environment on the Elderly People's Daily Communicative Activities

Based on the cognitive characteristics of the elderly communication and field questionnaire survey, this paper first proposes three types of daily communication activities: individual, friends and neighbors, and interest-based communications, and five kinds of urban park environment characteristics: space suitability, facilities convenience, atmosphere comfort, scenery attraction, and site attachment. Taking Chongqing as an example and with the quantitative analysis of structural equation model, it tests the influence degree of 19 kinds of environmental impact factors of five types of environmental characteristics on 9 kinds of activity factors of the three types of communication activities. The results show that the spatial suitability and scenery attraction have significant effects on the "sitting meditation" and "viewing scenery", the facilities convenience and atmosphere comfort have significant effects on the "exercise together", an the site attachment has significant effect on the "strangers'' talk".