生态系统服务需求视角下的澳门城市 绿色基础设施管理研究

中国澳门是世界上人口密度最大的地区之一，随着 城市和经济的发展，其生态环境压力逐渐加大，人们对城市绿 色基础设施(Urban Green Infrastructure，UGI)提供的生 态系统服务需求也日益增长。基于RS、GIS技术并结合社会、 经济和自然等多源数据及实地调研，以统计分区为单元评估热 岛调节、雨洪调节、噪声消减、休闲游憩和景观美学5种生态 系统服务的需求程度并分析其关联和差异，最后以此为基础提 出需求视角下的UGI管理策略。研究结果表明：1)各类服务的 高需求区多分布在澳门半岛地区，离岛较少；2)多种服务需求 存在空间上的协同效应，针对各分区特征构建多功能型UGI可 有效改善需求；3)澳门有72.5%的人口处于较高的服务需求状 态，人们获取各类服务的公平性需要得到改善；4)通过聚类分 析得出5种不同需求特征的分区群，并从UGI建设、更新和保 护的角度提出涉及空间分布、功能优化和实施途径等方面的针 对性管理策略，加强UGI管理在生态内涵上的考量，补充以需 求为导向的管理思路。

Research on Urban Green Infrastructure Management in Macao from the Perspective of Ecosystem Service Demand

Macao is a region with one of the highest population densities in the world. With continued urban development and economic growth, the pressures on its ecological environment has also been gradually increasing. In this context the city''s demand for ecosystem services (ESs) provided by urban green infrastructure (UGI) has also risen. Based on remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) technology, and combined with social, economic and natural multi-source data and field research, the statistical partition was used as a unit to assess the degree of demand for five ESs: heat island regulation, rain and flood regulation, noise abatement, leisure and recreation, and landscape aesthetics. Additionally, their respective relevance and differences we also analyzed before finally proposing UGI management strategies from the perspective of ecosystem services demand. The results show that: 1) there are more high-demand areas for various ESs in the Macao peninsula and fewer in the outlying island; 2) there is a spatial synergistic effect on a variety of service demands, and the construction of a multi-functional UGI based on the characteristics of each partition can effectively improve demands; 3) 72.5% of Macao''s population is in a state of high service demand, and the equity of people''s access to various services needs to be improved; 4) five partition groups with different demand characteristics were obtained through cluster analysis. Based on this, from the perspective of UGI construction, renewal and protection, targeted management strategies related to spatial distribution, function optimization, and implementation approaches are proposed to strengthen the consideration of the ecological connotation of UGI management, supplement the demand-oriented management ideas.