智慧BIM乔木模型：从设计图纸到施工 现场

现有的BIM应用软件提供的乔木模型多为RPC或高 精度3D模型等3D CAD类型。这些模型着重于表达美感或进 行展示，无法反映根系情况。虽然可能包含一定附加属性，但 表达乔木生长和空间需求的功能有限。因而，冲突检查、工序 调度等BIM的优势功能无从应用。风景园林实践领域已就此问 题开始构建自己的模型库，但能够准确反映现状树木真实尺寸 体量，以及现状树木和规划树木未来空间需求的模型仍未广泛 出现。提出一种基于树冠、树干和根系构型与生长功能的实体/ 网面封装建模方法构建BIM乔木模型。模型形态通过一组参数 调整，并根据树龄和反映环境限制因子的值来反映其变化。所 包含的数据和参数数量随后期设计阶段所需的LoD(详细层级) 及专业实践的具体要求而增加。该模型可以与提供本地区内外 苗木商品信息的植物数据库连接使用。

Smart BIM Trees: From Design Drawing to Construction Site

Tree models currently developed with BIM applications come in 3D CAD format, either as RPC or highly detailed 3D models. Such models, coming without representation of the root system, are focused for aesthetic or illustrative purposes. They can contain some attached data (attributes), but being limited in their ability to represent the development and space requirements of trees. Therefore, many benefits of BIM cannot be utilized (e.g. clash detection and scheduling). In response to this, landscape designers start to build up their own libraries in the practice. But the designers have not developed a wide range of tree models that can accurately represent the real measurements of existing trees as well as the future space requirements of planned and existing trees. In this paper, a solid/mesh envelope modelling approach based on parameters for shape and growth functions for crown, stem and root is proposed for trees in BIM. By adjusting a set of parameters, the morphology of the model reflects the changes of trees according to their age and then the limiting environmental factors. The number of the included data and parameters grow according to the LoD (level of details) needed in later design stages as well as the specific requirements of professional practice. The models can be used in conjunction with plant databases providing additional and localized nursery stock information.