中国国家公园利益相关者价值共创DART模型构建

中国自2015年建立首个三江源国家公园试点区以来，迄今已建立了10个国家公园体制试点并逐步完善了相应的管理体制和运营机制，有效解决了原有保护地体系存在的多头碎片化管理和过度开发利用等问题。由于各国家公园试点区覆盖面积广、涵盖多种传统保护地类型，所涉及的利益相关者数量众多且关系复杂，因而在利益协调上存在较大难度，而协调好各利益方的利益关系将是国家公园发展成功与否的关键。基于此，在介绍有关利益相关者和价值共创理论背景的基础上，分析了我国国家公园各利益相关者进行价值共创的必要性和可行性，总结了其在利益相关者价值共创探索与实践中的经验和不足，据此提出了构建价值共创DART模型的具体建议。

DART Model Construction of Value Co-creation for National Park Stakeholders in China

Since the establishment of the first pilot of Three-River-Source National Park in 2015, China has established 10 pilot national parks and gradually improved series of management systems and operational mechanisms which have effectively solved the problems of multi-departments management, over-exploitation and utilization, etc., in the original protection system, and have achieved good results. However, these pilot national parks cover a large area, include diverse original protected areas, the number of stakeholders involved is large and the relationship is complex. Therefore, there will be greater difficulty in coordination of various interests. And the coordination of stakeholder relationships will be the key to the success of national park development. Based on this, the paper introduced the background of stakeholder theory and value co-creation theory, analyzed the necessity and feasibility of the value co-creation of the national parks in China, summarized the experiences and shortcomings in the exploration and practice of stakeholder coordination, and put forward specific suggestions for constructing the value co-creation DART model.