欧洲荒野景观再野化的发展与启示

欧洲荒野景观再野化是全球荒野保护运动中的创新典范，建立在人与自然和谐共存的自然生态观上，构建出引人瞩目的具有21世纪特色的保护思路。其经历了从目标驱动为主导到恢复再野化发展的保护理念转变，该过程将保护运动升级到整个生态系统，并提出“基于自然的解决方案”，显示出欧洲国家对土地利用的创新思考。在分析欧洲荒野保护发展历程后，以“欧洲再野化”(Rewilding Europe)项目为切入点，介绍其发展理念，梳理其主体建构、合作机制及政策导向，以期丰富国际荒野保护的研究，并为中国构建荒野保护理念及体系提供参考。

The Development and Enlightenment of the Rewilding of European Wilderness Landscape

The rewilding of wilderness landscape in Europe is a model of innovation in the global wilderness protection movement. It is based on the nature ecological concept of harmonious coexistence between human and nature, and constructs a striking protection idea with the characteristics of the 21st century. It has undergone a transformation of the protection concept from goal-driven to rewilding development, which upgrades conservation movements to the entire ecosystem and proposes "natural-based solutions", showing innovation thinking on land use in European countries. After analyzing the development process of European wilderness protection, the "Rewilding Europe" project is used as an entry point to introduce its development concept, and to sort out its main construction, cooperation mechanism and policy orientation, which can be used to enrich the research of international wilderness protection and provide reference for China to build wilderness protection ideas and systems.