基于声漫步的天津水上公园声景观 评价研究

声音作为景观要素越来越受到重视，人们对声环境的感知受到声音本身特性以及声音与环境交互作用的共同影响。以天津水上公园为研究对象，将声音的响度、频率和多样性指数作为公园声音元素的特征指标，定量研究声音构成、景观要素和舒适度三者之间的相关关系。结果表明：水上公园的声音多样性指数(SDI)整体较高，声音类型丰富，但不同的景观要素对应的声音特征不显著；听觉舒适度与整体舒适度呈极显著正相关；听觉舒适度主要受到人类活动声和机械声的影响，其出现频率(POS)和响度(PLS)均干扰了被试者对自然声的感知。针对公园的景观格局、声环境现状及使用者需求，提出声环境的设计和管理优化策略，对改善公园声景观品质、提高公园整体的环境舒适度具有重要意义。

Research on Soundscape of Tianjin Water Park Based on Soundwalks

As an important element of environment, sound has been paid more and more attention in the landscape design. The perception of sound is influenced by the direct stimulation of sound and the interaction between sound and visual environment. In this paper, the relationship among soundscape (PLS, POS, SDI), landscape elements and degree of comfort were quantitative analyzed in Tianjin Water Park, China. The results showed that SDI was high, which meant the abundant sound types of the Water Park, but the sound characteristics of different landscape elements were not significant. The highly significant positive correlation between degree of auditory comfort and overall comfort was showed. The auditory comfort was mainly affected by the sound of human activities and mechanical noise, and by those PLS and POS, the perception of natural sounds were disturbed. According to the landscape pattern, the present situation of the acoustic environment and the needs of users, the optimization strategy of sound environment design and management was put forward, which could be the great significance for improving the quality of soundscape and the overall landscape environment of the park.