“驻点”游人日时空分布对旅游 舒适度的影响——以网师园为例

中国景区旅游舒适度指标主要依据《景区最大承载量核定导则》推算，但此法无法呈现景区内部的游人舒适度差异。以网师园为例，运用驻点研究法，得到研究日各驻点停驻5s的总人次为128~1 851，根据《导则》及网师园公布的舒适度指数，计算出其最大日承载量为5 685人，人均空间承载指标为1.38m2/人。研究日游人入园总数为4 376人，承载指标均未达上限，但各驻点实际停驻的总人次比按照《导则》计算出的承载量高出约10倍。计算各驻点游人分布密度与全园游人分布密度的比较系数K值，发现停驻时间为5、12、20s时，全天各驻点游人分布密度分别为全园平均游人密度的3.4~108.5、1.7~42.9和0.5~33倍(3个驻点K值<1)，说明驻点处游人会重复停驻，扩增效应明显，按《导则》推算旅游舒适度指数与实际情况差距较大。探索运用驻点研究法优化旅游舒适度指标的途径，为微景区旅游舒适度研究提供了新的视角。

Impact of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Tourists at "Stationary Point" on Tourism Comfort Degree: Taking the Master of Nets Garden as an Example

The index of tourism comfort degree is mainly based on the Guideline for Measurement of Carry Capacity of Scenic Area in mainland China. This method is not able to show the difference of tourism comfort degree inside scenic area. Taking the Master of Nets Garden as an example, the paper used stationary point method and calculated the total number of 5-second-stay statistics at each stationary point is 128~1,851. The daily carry capacity is 5,685, calculated by combining the Guideline and the comfort index published by the Master of Nets Garden. The carry capacity index per person was 1.38m2. The total number of the tourists on the day was 4,376 which was not up to the maximum carry capacity, while stay statistics at each stationary point is about ten times higher than the carry capacity calculated by the Guideline. Calculating the comparative coefficient (K) of visitor distribution density at each stationary point and the whole garden, it is shown that when the stay time is 5, 12 and 20 seconds, the visitor distribution density at each stationary point were 3.4~108.5, 1.7~42.9 and 0.5~33 (3 stationary points K<1) times as much as the average visitor density of the garden. The results showed that visitors would stop at the stationary points more than once and the amplification effect is significant. There was great difference between the index of tourism comfort degree calculated by Guideline and the actual situation. The method of using stationary point method to optimize the index of tourism comfort degree is feasible, which provides new perspective for the study of tourist comfort degree in micro-scenic area.