煤化工技术群组分类和趋势预测:来自专利数据的分析

以国家知识产权局专利数据库为数据来源,采用专利文本挖掘、聚类分析和技术预测相结合的方法,结合R-stideo软件和Loglet Lab软件中的统计分析工具,针对煤化工技术进行技术群组分类及趋势预测研究。研究表明:煤化工技术可分成六大技术群组,即污水处理技术群组、煤气净化技术群组、煤气化技术群组、传统煤化工群组、污染物监测技术群组以及煤液化技术群组。传统煤化工技术专利申请量已进入下降期,表明传统煤化工技术进入衰退期,未来向更加清洁的新型煤化工方向发展;煤气净化技术、煤气化技术和煤液化技术等,经过发展进入稳定发展期,市场空间巨大;污水处理技术和污染物检测技术作为污染治理方面的技术处于快速发展阶段,污水处理技术正朝着更加高效、更加环保以及方法更加综合的方向发展,煤气净化技术正向着更加经济、环保、可靠和高效的方向发展。

An Evolving Model for National Parks: From Island and Networks to Landscapes and Socio-ecological Approaches

This article reviews the changing nature of national parks and protected areas by applying a model developed by Ignacio Palomo and his collaborators. It applies recent research in national parks undertaken at Lincoln University in Aotearoa, New Zealand to consider the key qualities of island, network, landscape and social-ecological approaches. This includes considering conservation concepts and practices, management and planning dimensions, cultural ideas and values, and theoretical position for each approach. It concludes by suggesting both landscape and social-ecological approaches to offer value when seeking innovation in national park and protected area management, and directly align with China''s national park pilot program and its ecological civilization direction.