嵩口古镇小气候与游览路径空间特征之 关系研究

中国传统古镇特有的空间布局及构成与其局部环境 小气候有着直接的关联。为探究古镇环境小气候与空间特征之 关系，以嵩口为例，选取包含嵩口的滨水景观、宗祠庭院、古 镇街巷、古厝民居等代表性景观的2条主要游览路径，对路径 上不同空间特征景观节点的空气温度、相对湿度、风速等小气 候要素进行数据测量与搜集，计算其人体舒适度指数，并进行 对比、分析，以此探索古镇环境小气候影响的环境物理规律。 结果表明：环镇大樟溪对局部环境具有明显降温、增湿作用， 溪步道通风情况优于坡面及人工驳岸；建筑遮阴、街巷尺度、 朝向、植被与材质运用是影响街巷小气候的空间要素；而空间 开敞程度和植被造成的太阳辐射差异对庭院及小广场的小气候 环境影响较大。

A Study on the Relationship between Microclimate and Spatial Section of Tour Path in the Ancient Town of Songkou

The spatial distribution and composition of traditional Chinese ancient towns are directly related to the local environmental microclimate. To study the relationship between microclimate and space characteristics of the town, two main tour paths have been selected including the waterfront space, the courtyard of ancestral hall, the old street of the town, and the ancient house. The index of different landscape space characteristics in each path including temperature, humidity, wind speed etc., have been measured and the human comfort index been calculated and compared to explore the physical rules of its microclimate. The results show that: Dazhang Stream surrounding the town has evident cooling and humidifying effect on partial environment; building shades, street scales, orientation, plants and materials are the main spatial factors that affect the microclimate; and the difference of solar radiation caused by the open degree of space and vegetation has great influence on the microclimate environment of courtyard and small square. Based on the results of the study, adaptive strategies of design for the environment protection and renewal of ancient towns are put forward aiming at different spatial characteristics of Songkou.