日本园林“走出去”的经验及启示

“一带一路”倡议的开展与“走出去”战略紧密相关,而“走出去”战略本身又与不同层面、不同领域的“出发”相关,其中既有经济上的投资与合作,又有文化上的交流与互通。而园林本身作为“文化综合体”天然地具有综合性的优势,因此,中国园林“走出去”已经引起新时期中国园林人的重视。实际上,日本园林的海外修建与传播史远较我国久远,且已取得了显著的成就,赢得了世界性的口碑。这些实绩与其将园林输出有机寓于国家文化战略之中的认识,与其具体实践过程中所不断形成的历史性经验等有关。通过文献与实地踏勘相结合,将这些方面的“他山之石”内容加以研究、提炼,指出日本园林“走出去”的成功除特定历史因素之外,从战略到战术层面均有值得我国借鉴之处。

Experience and Enlightenment from the "Going Global" of Japanese Gardens

The implementation of "the Belt and Road" Initiative is closely related to the "going global" strategy, which itself means "going out" at different levels and in different fields, including economic investment and cooperation, as well as cultural exchanges and communications. From this perspective, gardens itself as a "cultural complex" has a natural comprehensive advantage, so the "going global" of Chinese gardens has already attracted the attention of Chinese professionals in the new era. In fact, the history of overseas construction and dissemination of Japanese gardens is far longer than that of Chinese gardens, and has made remarkable achievements, winning a worldwide reputation. These achievements are related to the epistemology and methodology of integrating the output of gardens into the national cultural strategy and the historical experience formed in the process of the concrete practice. Through the combination of textual literatures and field surveys, this paper analyzes and abstracts the contents of Japan''s merits in these aspects, and points out that the success of Japanese gardens'' "going global", in addition to specific historical factors, is worthy of reference for China from the strategic to tactical levels.