面向国土景观风貌管控的中国国家 公园空间布局研究

中国国家公园作为自然保护地的主体，在国土尺度 下保护具有代表性景观风貌发挥着重要作用。中国国家公园体 制建设尚处于起步阶段，国家公园的空间布局成为体制建设的 核心问题。合理规划中国国家公园整体空间布局，有助于在国 土尺度下进行景观风貌管控。景观风貌是一定范围内景观特征 的反映。通过引入景观特征评估方法，制定了用于遴选国家公 园的综合区划方案，分析了国家公园建设潜在区域，并在此基 础上结合分析各国国家公园的面积、离散度等指标，对中国 国家公园空间布局关键指标进行限定，以期对中国国家公园 的整体空间布局提供参考。主要结论如下：1)中国景观特征 综合区划方案包括7个一级景观特征区域、115个二级景观特 征区；2)国土面积的25.12%可以作为国家公园建设潜在区 域；3)建议国家公园设立的数量为65~133个，国家公园总面 积占国土面积的5.23%~10.70%。

Research on the Spatial Layout of China's National Parks Facing the Control of Landscape Style and Features

As the main body of nature protected areas, China''s national parks play an important role in protecting representative landscapes at the national scale. China''s national park system construction is still in its infancy, and the spatial layout of national parks has become the core issue of system construction. Rational planning of the overall spatial layout of China''s national parks is helpful for landscape management and control at the national scale. Landscape style is a reflection of landscape character within a certain range. In this study, the Landscape Character Assessment method was introduced, a comprehensive zoning plan for the selection of national parks was formulated, and the potential areas for national park construction were analyzed. The key indicators of spatial layout are limited in order to provide a reference for the overall spatial layout of China''s national parks. The analysis results show that the comprehensive zoning plan for landscape character in China includes 7 first-level landscape character areas and 115 second-level landscape character areas. 25.12% of the land area can be used as a potential area for national park construction. It is recommended that the number of national parks is between 65-133, and the total area of national parks accounts for 5.23%- 10.70% of the country''s land area.