畅春园植物考证及植物景观营造

畅春园作为北京西郊的“三山五园”之一,是平地 造园的典范,也是一座以植物景观为主的皇家园林。通过对游 记、御制诗词、宫廷画和楹联匾额等史料进行考证,得出畅春 园已知植物种类32种及大致分布位置。以此为基础对畅春园 植物景观特色进行分析,认为畅春园在植物种类选择上,既因 地制宜地使用北京乡土植物,也引种了南北方的观赏植物,同 时注重生产性植物的运用;在植物配置方面,畅春园四季之景 各异,植物与建筑和山水结合凸显文化性,强调空间感;在植 物文化意境方面,楹联匾额中的植物文化反映出士大夫文人品 格,整体则体现出江山永固、君怀天下的政治思想。

Study on the Plants and the Plant Landscape of Changchun Garden

As one of the "Three Hills and Five Gardens" in the western suburbs of Beijing, Changchun Garden is a good example for gardening on flat land, and it is a royal garden focusing on plant landscape. Through the research on the travel notes, imperial poetry, court paintings, couplets and tablets and other historical materials of Changchun Garden, a list of plants with a total of 32 species and their general distribution was obtained. Based on this, the characteristics of Changchun Garden''s plant landscape were analyzed, concluded as follow: first, the selection of plant species fit for local conditions include native plants, exotic ornamental plants and productive plant; second, in terms of plant configuration mode, plants make seasons different and the combination of plants, architecture and landscapes highlights the culture and the sense of space; and third, in terms of plant culture and artistic conception, plants mentioned in couplets and tablets reflect the literati character of the scholar-officials. From the overall landscape, it reflects the political ideology of country''s stability and emperor''s caring for people.