我国经济发展方式非均衡特征及优化的政策选择——基于人力资本投资低水平“陷阱”视角的分析

本文以人力资本视角分析我国经济发展方式转变及促进经济可持续性的政策选择。研究表明,人力资本投资在发达国家经济增长方式转型中具有主导性的作用,而改革开放以来我国人力资本投资对经济发展的作用已经落入低水平陷阱,经济发展依赖于物质资本及低端劳动力的数量投入,人力资本与物质资本呈现非均衡特征,而且出现就业压力严峻与人力资本短缺并存的现象,物质资本与人力资本不匹配、人力资本投资结构与人才需求结构错位,以及收入分配与人力资本投资不足等问题日益凸显,经济发展可持续性受到挑战。对此,我国应明确人力资本投资对经济发展方式转变的重要作用和地位,通过增加教育投入、放宽教育准入制度及收入分配改革等渠道,实现人力资本投资的快速增长,促进经济发展方式的优化。

Non-equilibrium Feature of China’s Economic Development and the Policy Options: from the Perspective of Low-level "Trap" in Human Capital Investment

This paper analyzes China’s transformation of economic development from the human capital perspective and the policy of promoting economic sustainability.The results show that human capital investment plays a dominant role in developed countries’ economy.Since the reform and opening up,China’s human capital investment has been caught in low-level "trap",the economic development depends on physical capital investment and the low-skilled labor input,thus human capital and physical capital represent non-equilibrium development.Problems exist in terms of the contradiction between severe employment pressure and human capital,the imbalance of physical capital and human capital,the mismatch of human capital investment and labor demand,as well as income distribution and inadequate human capital investment.In this regard,recommendations are given concerning these issues.